基于城市绿色生产性面积的生态补偿机制研究
Research on Ecological Compensation Mechanism Based on Urban Ecological Productive Area

摘要：我国城市扩张、粮食保障和能源转型形势严峻，如何挖掘城市建成环境的绿色生产潜力，探索一条通过粮食和太阳能的生产用于节约土地空间并缓解生态压力的新途径。本文不同于以往生态补偿研究大多以重点生态功能区为对象或以财税补偿机制为手段，而是建立城市空间内部的生态补偿机制，是建设生态文明的创新方法。本文提出城市“绿色生产性面积”作为一种从城市生态学角度来衡量城市生态承载力提升潜力的方法，它基于将城市绿色资源收入换算成它们所能节约的相同条件下的生态足迹。首先，评估城市建成环境的全要素空间清查及其绿色生产潜力分析。其次，需要建立不同绿色生产的生态节地效益统一核算标准，以逆向的生态足迹方法量化为土地面积指标。最后，在综合考虑城市绿色生产成本、技术实施可行性以及生态服务价值的基础上，采取适宜的都市农业、城市太阳能、农业与太阳能复合生产等方式，以期对城市生态系统的生态承载力给予直接补偿，为发展绿色生产产业、补偿方式多元化、评估生态节地效益提供理论和技术支撑，对于城市可持续发展和提高生态承载力具有重要意义。

Abstract：The situation of urban expansion, food security and energy transformation in China is grim, so how to tap the green production potential of urban built environment and explore a new way to save land space and alleviate ecological pressure through the production of grain and solar energy. Different from the previous ecological compensation studies, which mostly take the key ecological functional areas as the object or the fiscal and tax compensation mechanism as the means, this paper establishes the ecological compensation mechanism within the urban space, which is an innovative method for the construction of ecological civilization. This paper puts forward the urban "green productive area" as a method to measure the promotion potential of urban ecological carrying capacity from the perspective of urban ecology, which is based on converting the income of urban green resources into the ecological footprint under the same conditions that they can save. First of all, evaluate the all-factor spatial inventory of urban built environment and its green production potential analysis. Secondly, it is necessary to establish unified accounting standards for ecological land-saving benefits of different green production, and quantify the land area index with the reverse ecological footprint method. Finally, on the basis of comprehensive consideration of the cost of urban green production, the feasibility of technical implementation and the value of ecological services, appropriate ways of urban agriculture, urban solar energy, agriculture and solar energy compound production are adopted. it is expected to directly compensate the ecological carrying capacity of urban ecosystem and provide theoretical and technical support for the development of green production industry, diversification of compensation methods and evaluation of ecological land-saving benefits. It is of great significance for urban sustainable development and improving ecological carrying capacity.

关键词：生态补偿；绿色生产性面积；节地效益；都市农业；太阳能潜力
Keywords：Ecological compensation; Green productive area; Land-saving benefit; Urban agriculture; Solar energy potential