Ê×Ò³ ¡ú Ô°ÁÖÉè¼Æ|Ô°Áֹ滮-¹æ»®Éè¼ÆƵµÀ ¡ú ÀíÂÛ̽Ë÷¡ª¹æ»®Éè¼ÆƵµÀ | www.chla.com.cn Öйú·ç¾°Ô°ÁÖÁìÏÈ×ÛºÏÃÅ»§ |
Öйú´«Í³Ôì԰˼ÏëÔÚÏÖ´úÔ°ÁÖÉè¼ÆÖеÄÓ¦ÓÃ
¡¡¡¡Õª¡¡Òª£ºÖйú¹ÅµäÔ°ÁÖÒÕÊõÔ´Ô¶Á÷³¤,ÒÕÊõ·ç¸ñ¶ÀÊ÷Ò»ÖÄ,¶ÔÊÀ½çÔìÔ°ÒÕÊõÓÐ×ÅÉî¿ÌµÄÓ°Ïì¡£ÎÄÕ´ÓÖйú¹ÅµäÔ°ÁÖµÄ×ÔÈ»¹Û¡¢´´×÷µÄ˼ά·½Ê½¼°Éè¼Æ¼¼ÇÉ3¸ö·½Ãæ̽ÌÖÁËÏÖ´úÔ°ÁÖÉè¼ÆÈËԱӦѧϰÓëÑо¿µÄ˼·Óë·½·¨ÒÔ¼°ÔÚÏÖ´úÔ°ÁÖÉè¼ÆÖеÄÓ¦Óᣠ¡¡¡¡¹Ø¼ü×Ö£ºÖйú¹ÅµäÔ°ÁÖÒÕÊõ£»ÏÖ´úÔ°ÁÖÉè¼Æ£»¾°¹Û´´Ô죻×ÔÈ»¹Û ¡¡¡¡Application of Chinese Traditional Landscape Idea in Modern Garden Design ¡¡¡¡HE Jian ming ¡¡¡¡Abstract: Chinese classical garden art with a style of its own, which goes back to ancient times, has the deep influence on the landscape art of the world. From three aspects of the nature outlook of Chinese classical garden, thinking mode of creation and design skills, this paper probes into the train of thought and the method that the modern garden designers should learn from and research on, and the application of the train of thought and the method in the modern garden design. ¡¡¡¡Key words: Chinese classical garden art; modern garden design; landscape craetion; nature outlook; ¡¡¡¡Ëæ×Åʱ´úµÄ·¢Õ¹¡¢¿Æѧ¼¼ÊõµÄ²»¶Ï½ø²½ÒÔ¼°È˵ÄÑÛ½çµÄ¿ªÀ«£¬ÈËÀà¶Ô×ÔÈ»ºÍÃÀµÄÀí½âÒ²²»¶Ï¼ÓÉÒò¶ø¶ÔÃÀºÃÉú´æ»·¾³µÄÒªÇóÒ²ËæÖ®Ô½À´Ô½¸ß¡£Ô°ÁÖ×÷ΪһÖÖ´´ÔìÈËÀàÓÅÃÀ»·¾³µÄ×ÛºÏÒÕÊõ£¬ÆäÈÎÎñ¾ÍÊÇÏòÈËÃÇÌṩÇ×ÁÙ×ÔȻ֮¾³¡¢ÏíÊÜ×ÔȻ֮ȤµÄÁ¼ºÃ·ÕΧ¡£×÷Ϊһ¸öÔ°ÁÖÉè¼ÆÕߣ¬Ò²³£³£»áȥ˼Ë÷ÈçºÎÌá¸ßÉè¼Æˮƽ£¬Ê¹×Ô¼ºµÄ×÷Æ·¸üºÃµØ·þÎñÓÚÉç»á£¬Ê¹ÈËÃñµÄÉú»î»·¾³¸ü¼ÓÃÀºÃ£¬¹¤×÷¸ü¼ÓÓä¿ì£¬ÉíÐĸü¼Ó½¡¿µ·¢Õ¹¡£Öйú¹ÅµäÔ°ÁÖÒÕÊõÔ´Ô¶Á÷³¤£¬ÒÕÊõ·ç¸ñ¶ÀÊ÷Ò»ÖÄ£¬¶ÔÊÀ½çÔìÔ°ÒÕÊõÓÐ×ÅÉî¿ÌµÄÓ°Ïì¡£ËýµÄÐí¶àÉè¼ÆÀíÄîºÍÉè¼ÆÊÖ·¨£¬Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇÏÖ´úµÄÔ°ÁÖÉè¼ÆʦÄܼÓÒÔÈÏÕæ·ÖÎöÑо¿£¬²¢´ÓеÄÊÓ½ÇÈ¥Àí½âÓ¦Ó㬿϶¨»á¶ÔÎÒÃǵÄÉè¼ÆÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£ ¡¡¡¡Ò»¡¢Ñ§Ï°Öйú¹ÅµäÔ°ÁÖµÄ×ÔÈ»¹Û ¡¡¡¡Öйú¹ÅµäÔ°ÁÖµÄ×ÔÈ»¹ÛÊÇ×îÖµµÃÎÒÃÇÈÏÕæÁì»áµÄ¡£ÖйúÔ°ÁÖ³çÉÐ×ÔÈ»£¬½²¾¿ÈËÓë×ÔÈ»ºÍгͳһ£¬ÕâÓëÏÖ´úÔ°Áֵķ¢Õ¹·½ÏòÏàÎǺϡ£ÈËÀàÓë×ÔÈ»³¤ÆÚ¹²´æ£¬ÆäÉúÃü»î¶¯±¾ÄܵØÓë×ÔÈ»Ï໥ÁªÍ¨¡£¿Æѧ֤Ã÷¡¢Ò»µ©Ê§È¥ÁËÁ¼ºÃµÄ×ÔÈ»»·¾³£¬È˾ͻá×ÔÂÉÐÔɥʧ£¬ÉúÎïÖÓʧµ÷£¬Ð³´úл²»Æ½ºâ¡£È»¶øËæ×ŵØÇò³ÇÊл¯ºÍ¹¤Òµ»¯µÄѸÃÍ·¢Õ¹£¬È˿ڵĿìËÙÅòÕÍ£¬ÈËÀàÐí¶àÉú̬×ÊÔ´¡¢»·¾³×ÊÔ´Êܵ½ÁËÑÏÖØÆÆ»µ£¬´óÁ¿ÍÁµØ×ÊÔ´¡¢·ç¾°×ÊԴΪ¹¤Òµ»¯µÄ¸º×÷ÓÃËùÆÆ»µºÍÀË·Ñ£¬ÈËÀàµÄ½¡¿µÉú´æºÍ·¢Õ¹¶¼Êܵ½ÁËÑÏÖØÍþв¡£ÕâЩ¶¼´ÙʹÈËÓë×ÔÈ»ºÍƽ¹²´¦µÄ¹ÛÄîÈÕÒæ±»Éç»á¹ã·º½ÓÊܺÍÐû´«£¬ÔÚÉú̬ѧºÍ×ÔÈ»¿ÆѧµÄ»ù´¡ÉϽ¨Éè´óÔ°ÁֵĹÛÄîÒ²³ÉΪÐí¶àÓÐʶ֮ʿÌá³öºÍ³«µ¼µÄ·½Ïò¡£×÷ΪһÃûÉè¼Æ¹¤×÷Õߣ¬ÔÚÉè¼Æʱ¾Í±ØÐë·ÖÎöÄãËù×öµÄ·½°¸ÊµÊ©ºóÊÇ·ñÕæÕýÄÜ´ïµ½Óë×ÔÈ»µÄºÍг¹²´æ£¬ÊÇ·ñÄÜ·ûºÏ¿É³ÖÐø·¢Õ¹µÄÀíÄî¡£ÎÒÃDz»Äܽö½ö´ÓÔ°ÁÖµÄÐÎʽÉÏÀ´ÉóÊÓÌìÈ˺ÏÒ»µÄ˼Ï룬¶øÒª´Ó¸üÀíÐÔ¡¢¿Æѧ¡¢¿Í¹ÛµÄ¹ÛµãÈ¥ÉóÊÓºÍÀí½âÈËÓë×ÔÈ»µÄºÍгͳһ¡£¾ßÌåÀ´Ëµ£º±ÈÈçÔ°ÁÖÖеÄÇÇ¡¢¹à¡¢²ÝµÄÖ²ÎïÅä±ÈÊÇ·ñºÏÀí£¬ÊÇ·ñ¸üÊÊÓ¦µ±µØµÄÆøºòÌõ¼þ£»Ô°ÁÖÂ̵ØÊÇ·ñÕæÕýÄÜÂú×ãºÑøˮԴ¡¢¾»»¯¿ÕÆøµÄ»ù±¾Éú̬¹¦ÄÜ£»Ô°ÁֵĵÀ·¹ã³¡ÉèÖÃÊÇ·ñ±ÈÀýµÃµ±£¬ÄÜ·ñ¼æ¹Ë¾°¹ÛÓ빦ÄÜʹÓõȵȣ¬ÕⶼҪ½øÐÐÀíÐԵķÖÎö¡£½ö½ö´ÓÐÎʽÉÏÓµÓÐ×ÔÈ»µÄ¾°¹ÛÊDz»¹»µÄ¡£µ±Ç°ÓÐһЩ³ÇÊгöÏÖ³ÇÊй㳡ÈÈ¡¢Å·Â½·çÇéÈȵȣ¬¾¹ýÀíÐÔ·ÖÎö£¬ËüÃÇÄÜ·ñºÏºõ×ÔÈ»Éú̬µÄÒªÇó£¬ÕæÕý¸ÄÉƳÇÊеĻ·¾³£¬ÊǷdz£ÖµµÃÉÌȶµÄ¡£ ¡¡¡¡¶þ¡¢Ñ§Ï°Öйú¹ÅµäÔ°ÁÖ´´×÷µÄ˼ά·½Ê½ ¡¡¡¡Ê¦·¨×ÔȻһֱÊÇÖйú¹ÅµäÔ°ÁÖ´´×÷µÄ˼ά·½Ê½¡£¡°ÍâʦÔ컯£¬ÖеÃÐÄÔ´¡±£¬¹Å´úÔìÔ°ÒÔ×ÔȻɽˮΪ´´×÷µÄÄ¡±¾£¬ÔìÔ°Õßͨ¹ý¶Ô×ÔÈ»µÄ¸ÐÊÜ£¬È¡×ÔÈ»ÃÀÖ®¾«»ªÓÚÔ°ÁÖÖУ¬³É¾ÍÁËÎÞÊýÃÀ¾°ÃûÔ°¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÉîÈë´ó×ÔÈ»¡¢¹Û²ì´ó×ÔÈ»¡¢ÊìϤ´ó×ÔȻӦÊÇÔ°ÁÖ´´×÷Éè¼ÆµÄ»ù±¾Ô´Èª¡£ÎÒÃÇÏÖÔÚÄÜÔڱȹýÈ¥ÓÅÔ½µÃ¶àµÄÌõ¼þÏÂÈ¥¸ÐÖªºÍÈÏʶ×ÔÈ»£¬Ò²ÄÜÀûÓÃÉù¡¢¹â¡¢µçµÈ¸ü¶àµÄ¿Æ¼¼ÊÖ¶ÎÀ´Õ¹ÏÖ×ÔȻ֮ÃÀ£»´ó¸ÉÊÀ½çÓÖÊǾ°ÏóÍòǧ£¬ÈÕÔ¹âÓ°£¬É½ÐÎˮò£¬»¨²ÝÊ÷ľ¶¼ÊÇÔ°ÁÖ¾°¹ÛµÄÖØÒªÔªËØ£¬ËüÃÇÔÚ×ÔÈ»½çÖÐǧ×Ë°Ù̬µØ´æÔÚ×Å£¬¿ÉÒÔÈÃÎÒÃǾ¡ÇéÕ¹ÏÖ¡£Ô°ÁÖÉè¼ÆʦӦµ±¹ãÓÎÌìÏÂÃÀ¾°£¬¶à½Ó´¥Õæ×ÔÈ»´óɽˮ£¬¶àËѼ¯»ýÀÛ¾°¹ÛËزģ¬½ø¶ø¸üºÃµØ×ܽáËüÃÇÃÀµÄ±¾ÖÊ£¬²ÅÄÜ°ÑËüÃÇ×î´ò¶¯ÈËÐĵĵط½·Åµ½ÎÒÃǵÄÉè¼Æ×÷Æ·ÖС£µ½ÄÇʱ±Ø¶¨°Ù»¨Æë·Å£¬¾«Æ·²»¶Ï¡£ ¡¡¡¡Ê¦·¨×ÔÈ»µÄ¹ý³Ì¾ÍÊÇÉè¼ÆÕß½«×Ô¼º¶Ô×ÔÈ»ÃÀµÄÇ×ÉíÌåÑé¼ÓÒÔŨËõ¸ÅÀ¨¡¢Ìá´¿µäÐÍ»¯ºóÔÙÓÃ×ÔȻԪËرí´ï³öÀ´·ÖÏí¸ø´ó¼ÒµÄ¹ý³Ì¡£Ê¦·¨×ÔÈ»µÄ·½·¨¸÷ÓиßÕУ¬ÎÒÈÏΪ´ÓÉè¼Æ˼·ÉÏÖ÷ÒªÓÐÁ½µã£ºµÚÒ»¾ÍÊÇÀûÓÿƼ¼ÊÖ¶ÎÈ¥¿ä´óÍ»³öºÍ¸ÅÀ¨×ÔÈ»ÃÀ×îÓÐÉúÃüÁ¦µÄ¾°¹Û£¬±ÈÈç˵Ðí¶àÅçȪ¡¢µþȪˮ¾°µÄÉè¼Æ¡£ÄãÔÚ×ÔÈ»½çÕÒ²»µ½ËüÃÇ£¬µ«È´ÄÜÌå»áµ½ËüÃÇÔ´ÓÚ×ÔÈ»µÄÉñÔÏ¡£µÚ¶þµã¾ÍÊÇÔÚÏÖ´ú¸ß¿Æ¼¼£¬Ð²ÄÁϵÄÖ§³ÅÏÂÈ¥À©Õ¹ºÍÑÓÉì¹ÛÉÍÕߵĸÐÖªÄÜÁ¦£¬Ê¹ÈËÀà¸üÄܸе½×ÔÈ»µÄÉñÃØÓëÃÀÀö¡£ ¡¡¡¡Èý¡¢Ñ§Ï°Öйú¹ÅµäÔ°ÁÖÖеÄÉè¼Æ¼¼ÇÉ ¡¡¡¡ÖйúÓÐÊýǧÄêµÄÔìÔ°ÀúÊ·¡£´Ó¿Õ¼ä²¼¾Öµ½µþɽÀíË®¶¼ÓÐÐí¶à½Ü³ö×÷Æ·¡£ÈçºÎÏàµØÁ¢»ù£¬½è¾°ÉúÇ飻ÈçºÎСÖмû´ó£¬ÐòÁпռ䣬¶¼ÓÐÐí¶à´´×÷ÊÖ·¨¿ÉÒÔѧϰ¡£½áºÏÉè¼Æʵ¼ù£¬Ì¸Ì¸ÎÒ¶ÔÒÔϼ¸µãµÄÀí½â£º ¡¡¡¡1£®ÒòµØÖÆÒË ¡¡¡¡ÎÒÈÏΪÖйú¹ÅµäÔ°ÁÖµÄÒòµØÖÆÒË£¬Ò»·½Ãæ½²µÄÊǾ°¹Û´´ÔìÒª¿¼ÂÇ»ùÖ·ÏÖ×´£¬ÁíÒ»·½Ãæ½²µÄÊǾ°µã²¼ÖÃÒª·þ´ÓÕûÌåÐèÒª£¬·ÖÖ÷Åä¹Øϵ¡£½áºÏ³¡µØÏÖ×´ÌصãÔì¾°¿ÉÄÜΪ¹ã´óÉè¼ÆʦËùÖØÊÓ£¬¶ø¸ù¾ÝÏîÄ¿ÐÔÖʵIJ»Í¬ÒòµØÖÆÒ˵ز¼Öþ°µãÈ´³£³£±»´ó¼ÒºöÂÔ¡£±ÈÈçÔÚÖлªÊÀ¼Í̳Â̵صÄÉè¼ÆÉÏ£¬×î³õµÄ·½°¸ÓÐÐí¶à¸´Ôӵľ°¹ÛÔªËØ£¬ÈçÅçȪ¡¢Ð¡Æ·¡¢µñËÜ£¬µ«ÊÇ×îºó¶¼¼õµôÁË£¬Éè¼ÆÉÏÖ»Óüòµ¥µÄÔ²ÐÎÏߺͲ¨ÀËÇúÏßÀ´ÓëÊÀ¼Í̳µÄ½¨ÖþÐÎÌåÀ´ºôÓ¦£¬Â̵ØÖдóÃæ»ýÒÔÂÌ»¯ÎªÖ÷£¬ÓÃÖ²ÎïÀ´ºæÍо°¹ÛµÄÖ÷Ì塪¡ªÖлªÊÀ¼Í̳¡£ÔÙ±ÈÈçÔÚ±±¾©¶«±ãÃÅÃ÷³ÇǽÒÅÖ·¹«Ô°µÄÉè¼ÆÉÏ¡£×î³õÒ²ÏëÔÚ¹«Ô°Öа²ÅÅÐí¶à¸´Ôӵľ°¹ÛÔªËØ£¬ÉõÖÁÓС°²£Á§³Çǽ¡±¡¢¡°¼¤¹â³Çǽ¡±µÄÉèÏë¡£µ«ÊÇ¿¼Âǵ½¹«Ô°µÄÐÔÖÊÊÇÒÅÖ·¹«Ô°£¬ÊÇÒÔ±£»¤³ÇǽΪ³ö·¢µã£¬ÒÔչʾ¹Å³ÇǽµÄÕæʵÃæòΪĿµÄ£¬Ó¦¸Ã°Ñ±±¾©½ö´æµÄÃ÷´ú³ÇǽÒÅÖ·×÷Ϊ¾°¹ÛÖ÷Ìå¡£Òò´Ë¹«Ô°×îÖÕ·½°¸´Ó԰·µÄÏßÐΡ¢Ö²ÎïµÄÅäÖÃÒÔ¼°¾°µã²¼¾Ö¶¼½ô½ôΧÈÆÃ÷³Çǽչ¿ª£¬¸ø³ÇǽÌṩһ¸ö×î×ÔÈ»µÄ»·¾³·ÕΧ¡£ÔÚÁÖÒñÊ÷ľµÄÑÚӳϣ¬ÓÎÈË¿ÉÒÔϸϸƷζÃ÷³ÇǽËùÓµÓеÄÀúÊ·Óë²×É££»Í¬Ê±£¬¼ò½àµÄÉè¼Æ²¼¾Öʹ¹«Ô°ÄܺܺõØÈÜÈ˵½³ÇÊо°¹ÛÖУ¬Ê¹Æä³ÉΪ·´Ó³Àϱ±¾©ÀúÊ·±äǨ£¬Õ¹ÏֹŶ¼·çòµÄÖØÒªÎÄ»¯¾°µã¡£ÏÖÔÚÓÐһЩÉè¼ÆʦÍùÍùºöÂÔÁËÒòµØÖÆÒ˵ÄÉè¼ÆÒªÁ죬°ÑÓеÄСÇøÂ̵ؽ¨µÃÏñ³ÇÊй㳡£»ÓеÄÂ̵غųơ°»¨Ô°¹ã³¡¡±£¬È´È«ÊÇÓ²ÖÊÆÌ×°£»ÓеĽֵÀ±ä³ÉÁËÔì¾°ÊÖ·¨µÄÕ¹ÀÀ·£¬È«È»²»¿¼ÂÇÊÐÃñµÄ»î¶¯ÐèÇó¡¢³ÇÊеÄÉú̬ÐèÇóÒÔ¼°ÖܱߵĻ·¾³·ÕΧ¡£ÎÒÏ룬Éè¼ÆÕßÓ¦¸ÃÕæÕýÀí½â¡°ÒòµØÖÆÒË¡±Éè¼ÆÀíÄîµÄÖØÒªÐÔ¡£ÒòΪֻÓÐÒòµØÖÆÒ˵ÄÉè¼Æ×÷Æ·²ÅÊÇ×îÇ×Çеģ¬Ò²¸üÓÐÉúÃüÁ¦¡£ ¡¡¡¡2£®Í¥Ô°ÀíË® ¡¡¡¡ÖйúÔ°ÁÖ½²¾¿¡°ÎÞË®²»³ÉÔ°¡±¡£ÎÞÂÛ±±·½»Ê¼ÒÔ°ÁÖ»¹ÊǽÄÏ˽¼ÒÔ°ÁÖ¶¼¶ÔË®ÕâÖÖ×ÔȻԪËر¸¼Óϲ°®¡£¡°Ò»³ØÈýɽ¡±¡¢¡°Ë®ÏÁ±Ø¼äÆä¸ô¡±µÈµÈ¶¼ÊÇÓйØË®¾°µÄÖØÒªÀíÂÛ¡£ÔÚÃÜÔÆÌïÔ°ÅàѵÖÐÐÄ¡¢ÊÀó¹ú¼Ê¹«Ô¢µÄ»·¾³Éè¼ÆÖУ¬Ë®Ìå²¼¾ÖѧϰÁË´«Í³Ô°ÁÖÖÐË®Ã濪ºÏÓÐÐò¡¢´óСÇúÕ۱仯µÄÌص㡣ˮÖÐÔö¼ÓСµº£¬½ôÃܽáºÏÖ²Îï΢µØÐΣ¬·á¸»ÁËÔ°ÁֵĿռä²ã´Î¡£ÔÚË®Ìå¾°¹ÛµÄÐÎ̬ÉϽ²¾¿¶¯¾²±ä»¯£¬ÔËÓÃÁËһЩ¸ß¿Æ¼¼ÊֶΣ¬°Ñ×ÔÈ»½çÖÐË®×îÓлîÁ¦µÄÐÎ̬Äý¹ÌÆðÀ´£¬Õ¹Ê¾ÔÚÈËÃÇÃæÇ°¡£±ÈÈçһЩÅçȪ¡¢Ó¿Èª¡¢ÏªÁ÷µÄÉè¼ÆÓ¦Ó㬸øÔ°ÁÖÔö¼ÓÁ˲»ÉÙÁéÆø¡£ ¡¡¡¡3£®²½Òƾ°Òì ¡¡¡¡ÔÚ±±¾©Ö²ÎïÔ°Õ¹ÀÀÎÂÊÒɳĮ¾°¹ÛµÄÉè¼ÆÖУ¬Õ¹ÀÀÃæ»ýÖ»Óм¸°ÙƽÃס£ÈçºÎÒÔС¼û´ó£¬ÏòÈËÃǸüºÃµØչʾɳĮֲÎï¾°¹Û£¬ÊÇÉè¼ÆÉÏÊ×Òª¿¼ÂǵÄÎÊÌâ¡£ÎÒÔÚÉè¼Æ¹ý³ÌÖÐÍ»³öÓ¦ÓÃÁ˲½Òƾ°ÒìµÄÉè¼ÆÀíÄî¡£½«¾ÞÈËÖù¡¢´ó½ðçú¡¢É³Ä®¡°ºÓÁ÷¡±µÈ¼¸¸ö½¹µã¾°µã×÷ΪµÀ·±ä»¯µÄ¶Ô¾°£¬µÀ·ÏßÐÔµÄÇúÕ۱仯Ôò½ôÃܽáºÏÕâЩ¶Ô¾°¾°¹ÛÕ¹¿ª¡£ÕâÑùµÄ´¦ÀíÊÖ·¨Ò»·½Ãæ·á¸»ÁËÊÒÄÚ¿Õ¼äµÄ²ã´ÎÓë±ä»¯£¬ÁíÒ»ÃæºÜºÃµØ±£Ö¤ÁËÊÒÄÚ¾°¹ÛµÄÍêÕûÐÔ¡£ ¡¡¡¡4£®Ö²ÎïÅäÖà ¡¡¡¡Öйú¹ÅµäÔ°ÁÖµÄÖ²ÎïÅäÖÃÖ®¾«ÇÉÔÚÓÚËý×ñÑ»ÀíÊ«Ç飬»¹³£³£¸³»¨Ä¾ÒÔÈËÐÔ£¬ÕâÒ²ÊÇÖйúÔ°ÁÖµÄÖØÒªÌصãÖ®Ò»¡£Ðí¶àÖ²ÎïµÄÆ·¸ñÏóÕ÷£ºÈçĵµ¤µÄºÀ·Å¸»¹ó¡¢Á«»¨µÄ¼ªÏéÈçÒ⡢÷»¨µÄ¼áÇ¿¸ß½àµÈµÈ£¬»¹ÓÐʯÁñ´ú±í¶à×Ӷร¡¢ÊÁ×Ó´ú±íÊÂÊÂÈçÒ⣬×ÏÞ±´ú±í¼ÒÍ¥ºÍÄÀ£¬¶¼Îª¹ã´óÈËÃñȺÖÚËùÈÏͬ¡£ËùÒÔ£¬ÏÖ´úÔ°ÁÖµÄÖ²ÎïÅäÖã¬ÔÚÂú×ãÉú̬¹¦ÄܵÄÇ°ÌáÏ£¬¶à¸³²ÝľÒÔÇéȤ£¬²ÅÄÜʹÈËÃǸüÀÖÓÚÇ×½ü×ÔÈ»¡¢ÏíÊÜ×ÔÈ»¡¢ÈÈ°®×ÔÈ»£»Ò²ÄÜÈÃÎÒÃǵÄ×÷Æ·¸üÓÐÈËÇéζµÀ¡£ ¡¡¡¡×öÁËÊ®¼¸ÄêÉè¼Æ£¬³£³£»áÓÐÐí¶à¸ÐÏëÌå»á¡£Ô°ÁÖÊÇÈËÓë×ÔÈ»µÄ½á¾§¡£Âú×ãÈËÓë×ÔÈ»µÄºÍг¹²´¦£¬ÊÇʱ´úµÄÒªÇó£»ÄÜÓë×ÔÈ»¸üºÃµØ½»Á÷£¬ÊÇÏÖ´úÈ˵ĿÊÍû¡£¡°Ò»ÖÖ·ç¾°¾ÍÊÇÒ»ÖÖÐÄÇ顱£¬Ã¿¸öÈËÐÄÖж¼»áÓÐ×ÔÈÏΪ×îÃÀ×îÃÀµÄ¾°Ö¡£ÎÒÏëÎÒÃǵÄÔ°ÁÖ×÷Æ·Ó¦µ±¾ßÓÐÉîºñµÄÎÄ»¯µ×ÔÏ£¬ÄÜÓëÈËÃÇÐÄÖеÄÃÀºÜºÃµØ½»Á÷£¬²úÉú¹²Ãù£¬ÌÕÒ±Çé²Ù¡£ÖлªÃñ×åÓÐÂäÒ¶¹é¸ù£¬×ðÖØ×æÏȵÄÏ°¹ß£¬×¢ÖØÎÄ»¯Éϵļ̳кÍÎÄÂöÉϵÄÑÓÐø¡£ÔÚ´«Í³»ù´¡ÉϵĴ´ÐÂÊÇÒ»ÖÖ·½·¨Ò²¸üÒ×È¡µÃ³É¹¦¡£Öйú¹ÅµäÔ°ÁֵIJ©´ó¾«ÉîÒ²²»ÊÇËæ±ã¾ÍÄÜѧϰ³É¹¦µÄ£¬ËýÊÇÎÒÃÇÔ°ÁÖ¹¤×÷ÕßѧϰµÄ±¦²Ø¡£µ±½ñÉç»á£¬ÎÒÃÇÕýÃæÁÙ×Åʱ´úµÄ±ä¸ï¡£Öйú¼ÓÈëWTO¡¢Éê°ì2008°ÂÔË»á³É¹¦µÈ»úÓö£¬ÈÃÎÒÃÇÓиü¶àµÄ»ú»áÈ¥Ó¦¶ÔÌôÕ½¡£ÎÒÃÇÓ¦×ñÑ¡°Ôú¸ù¹ýÈ¥£¬Á¢×ãÏÖÔÚ£¬È¡ÏòδÀ´¡±µÄÔÔò£¬ÔÚÏÖ´ú¸ß¿Æ¼¼¡¢Ð²ÄÁϵÄÖ§³ÅÏ£¬²»¶Ï´´Ð½øÈ¡£¬×ö³öÓÐÖйúÎÄ»¯ÌØÉ«µÄÏÖ´úÔ°ÁÖ¡£
±à¼£ºree |
ÔĶÁ£º ´Î
ÓÐ¹Ø Öйú¹ÅµäÔ°ÁÖÒÕÊõ ÏÖ´úÔ°ÁÖÉè¼Æ µÄÐÂÎÅ
ÍøÓÑÆÀÂÛ£¨µ÷ÓÃ5Ìõ£© ¸ü¶àÆÀÂÛ(0)
×îÐÂÍƼö
ÆóÒµ·þÎñ
|
|