Ê×Ò³ ¡ú Ô°ÁֿƼ¼ÆµµÀ ¡ú Ô°ÁÖ֪ʶ|Ô°ÁֿƼ¼ | www.chla.com.cn Öйú·ç¾°Ô°ÁÖÁìÏÈ×ÛºÏÃÅ»§ |
Öйú¹Å´ú½¨Éè»î¶¯µÄ»·¾³ÔÖ±ä¶þÔò
¡¡¡¡Õª¡¡Òª£ºÉÁÖ×ÊÔ´µÄÆÆ»µÓжàÖÖÔÒò£¬Îª´óÖÚ¹«ÈϵÄÊÇ¿Ñ»ÄÍÍÌï¡£±ÊÕßÒÔΪ»¹ÓÐÒ»ÖØÒªÒòËؼ´ÈËÀàµÄ½¨Éè»î¶¯¶Ôľ²ÄµÄ´óÁ¿ÐèÇó¡£±¾ÎÄÒÔʷΪ¾Ý·ÖÎöÁ˸÷ʱÆÚÉÁÖ×ÊÔ´µÄÆÆ»µ¹ý³Ì£¬²¢½áºÏÌÆ¡¢ËΡ¢Ôª¡¢Ã÷¡¢Ç弸¸öʱ´úľ½á¹¹±íÏÖ³öµÄÌØÕ÷¸øÓè˵Ã÷¡£¶ø»·¾³¶ñ»¯ÆäÖÐÁíÒ»ÖØÒªÒòËØΪ"×ÔȻ֮Éö"--ʪµØµÄÏûʧ¡£ÕâÆäÖÐÒ²ÓоÛÂä¡¢³ÇÊеÄ"¹¦ÀÍ"¡£ÊªµØ¾Þ´óµÄ×ۺϾ¼Ã¼ÛÖµ¶Ô¾ÛÂä¡¢³ÇÊеÄÐγÉÓÐÄý¾Û×÷Óã¬Óɴ˶øÉúµÄ»·¾³ÔÖÄѹŴúÔڻƺÓÁ÷ÓòÖÐÏÂÓξÍÓбíÏÖ£¬¶øÏÖ½ñÕýΪ³¤½Á÷Óò¸²ÕÞ¡£ ¡¡¡¡¹Ø¼ü×Ö£ºÖйú½¨ÖþÊ·£»Ä¾½á¹¹£»ÉÁÖ£»ÊªµØ£»»·¾³ÔÖ±ä ¡¡¡¡Abstract: Breakage of forest resources has several reason, The recognized reason by the masses is cultivation. Penman thinks that another important reason is large requirements of wood in building activity of human being. ¡¡¡¡In this article, we discuss the destroyed process of forest resources on the basis of history, and it is illuminated by the characters which timberwork had showed in several dynasty such as Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing. The other problem is that villages and cities eroded the marsh, which had a baneful effect on environments. A huge synthetical economy value of the marsh has agglomerated effects for village and city, it had brought on a baneful effect on environments in drainage area of ancient Yellow river, and it has happened in drainage area of nowadays Yangtse. ¡¡¡¡ÔÚÈËÓë×ÔÈ»µÄ¹Øϵ·½Ã棬Öйú¹Å´ú½¨ÖþÓë³ÇÊÐËƺõÊÇÓпڽԱ®¡£È磺Öйú¹Å´úµÄ"¿°Óß"ѧǿµ÷×ÔÈ»µÄÌìÎÄ¡¢µØÀí¡¢µØ¿ö¡¢µØ̬ÓëÈ˼°½¨ÖþµÄ¹Øϵ£¬¹Ø×¢½¨ÖþÓëÈ˾ӻ·¾³µÄºÍг£»Öйú¹Å´ú½¨Öþ´óÁ¿Ê¹ÓÃÏóľ²Ä¡¢º»ÍÁ¡¢Ê¯¿éÆöÌåµÈ¿É½µ½â»ò¿ÉÔÙÉú£¬¾ßÓÐÂÌÉ«Éú̬ÌØÕ÷µÄ²ÄÁÏ£»ÔÙÈçÖйúÔ°ÁÖʦ·¨×ÔÈ»¡¢ÔÙÏÖ×ÔÈ»¡¢½«ÈËÎÄÇé¸Ð¼ÄÔ¢×ÔÈ»µÄÊÖ·¨µÈ¡£ÕâЩ¾ù¸øÖйú¹Å´ú½¨Öþ´÷ÉÏÁËÂÌÉ«»·±£µÄ¹â»·¡£µ«ºÜÉÙÓÐÈË×¢Òâµ½£¬¹ÅÈ˵Ľ¨Öþ»î¶¯¸ø»·¾³´øÀ´µÄÔÖÄÑ¡£ ¡¡¡¡Ò»£® ľ½á¹¹ÓëÉÁÖ ¡¡¡¡ÉÁÖÊǽµØÉú̬ϵͳµÄÖ÷Ì壬¶Ôά³Ö½µØÉú̬ϵͳµÄƽºâÆðÖ§³Å×÷Óá£ÈËÀàÎÄÃ÷³õÆÚ£¬µØÇò½µØ2£¯3±»ÉÁÖ¸²¸Ç£¬Ô¼Îª76ÒÚ¹«Çꣻ19ÊÀ¼ÍÖÐÆÚ¼õµ½56ÒÚ¹«Çꣻ20ÊÀ¼ÍÄ©ÆÚÓÖ¼õµ½34£®4ÒÚ¹«Ç꣬ÉÁÖ¸²¸ÇÂÊϽµµ½27£¥¡£ÕâÊÇÈËÀà¶ÔÉÁÖ³¤ÆÚ´ó¹æÄ£ÆÆ»µÐÔÀûÓõĽá¹û¡£ÁªºÏ¹ú·¢²¼µÄ¡¶2000ÄêÈ«ÇòÉú̬»·¾³Õ¹Íû¡·Ö¸³ö£¬ÈËÀà¶Ôľ²ÄºÍ¸ûµØµÄÐèÇó£¬Ê¹È«ÇòÉÁÖ¼õÉÙÁË50£¥£¬30£¥µÄÉÁÖ±ä³ÉÅ©ÒµÓõأ»ÔʼÉÁÖ80£¥Ôâµ½ÆÆ»µ£¬Ê£ÏµÄÔʼÉÁÖ²»ÊÇÖ§ÀëÆÆË飬¾ÍÊDzдÎÍË»¯£¬ÇÒ·Ö²¼²»¾ù£¬ÄÑÒÔÖ§³ÅÈËÀàÎÄÃ÷µÄ´óÏᣠ¡¡¡¡ÉÁÖ×ÊÔ´µÄÆÆ»µÓжàÖÖÔÒò£¬Îª´óÖÚ¹«ÈϵÄÊÇ¿Ñ»ÄÍÍÌï¡£±ÊÕßÒÔΪ»¹ÓÐÒ»ÖØÒªÒòËؼ´ÈËÀàµÄ½¨Éè»î¶¯¶Ôľ²ÄµÄ´óÁ¿ÐèÇó¡£ ¡¡¡¡×ݹÛÉÁÖµÄÐËË¥£¬ÎÒÃÇ·¢ÏÖÉÁÖÓëÈËÀàÀúÊ·µÄ´ó¶¯µ´ÓÐÃÜÇÐÁªÏµ¡£±±¾©ÁÖÒµ´óѧÍõ¾ÅÁä½ÌÊÚÔÚ¡¶±±¾©ÉÁÖÊ·¼Òª¡·Ò»ÊéÖн«±±¾©ÉÁֵĵÄÏûʧ°´ÀúʷʱÆÚ¹é½áΪººÎºÊ±ÉÁÖïʢ£¬´óÔ¼´ÓÁɽðʱÆÚÆð£¬ÉÁÖʼÊܵ½½ÏÑÏÖصÄÆÆ»µ£¬Ôª´úÓÐÔöÎÞ¼õ£¬Ã÷Çåºó»ÙÖ®ÓâÉõ£¬ÄËÖÁÐÂÖйú³ÉÁ¢£¬ÉÁÖËùÊ£ÎÞ¼¸¡£±ÊÕßÒÔΪÍõ¾ÅÁä½ÌÊÚ¶Ô±±¾©µØÇøÉÁÖÏûʧµÄʱ´ú»®·ÖÔڻƺÓÖÐÏÂÓÎÒ²´óÖÂÈç´Ë£¬ÏÖÓÐÒ»ÀýÓ¡Ö¤¡£ºÓÄÏÁ鱦µÄ¾Éº¯¹È¹Ø£¬±¾ÒÔËÉ°ØÖ®Èû¶ø¼û³ÆÓÚ¡¶Ü÷×Ó¡·£¬Æäʱ×ÔȻӦÊÇÁÖľïÃÜ£»Ö±µ½Î÷½úÈ˾¹ýÕâÀïʱ£¬¼ûµ½µÄÒÀ¾É»¹ÊǹȵÀÁ½²àÑÂÉÏËɰرÎÌìµÄ¾°Ï󣬺¯¹È¹ØÒ²Òò´Ë²Å³ÉΪÌìÏÂÏÕÒª¡£Ëå´ú¶«Î÷½»Í¨´óµÀÓɾɺ¯¹È¹ØÏò±±ÒÆÖÁ»ÆºÓ°¶±ß£¬¾Éº¯¹È¹ØµÀ·ÏÆú£¬ÉÁÖ±»Ö𽥿³·¥£¬µ½Ã÷Çåʱ¿³·¥êݾ»¡£ ¡¡¡¡Ò»°ã¶øÑÔ£¬Ò»¸öÎÄÃ÷²ýÊ¢µÄʱ´ú¶Ô×ÊÔ´Óиü¹ã·º¡¢¸ü´óÁ¿µÄÒªÇ󡣺ºµÄÎľ°Ö®ÖΡ¢ÌƵÄÕê¹ÛÖ®ÖξùÊô´ËÁС£ºº¡¢ÌÆÁ½´úµÄ½¨Öþ¹æÄ£¾Þ´ó£¬ÇÒ½¨ÖþÓòÄÒ²À˷ѾªÈË¡£ÏÖ½ñÈËÃÇÔÚ¹é½áÌÆ´ú½¨ÖþÌØÕ÷ʱ×ÜÓÐÕâÑùµÄÃèÊö¼´¶·¹°ÐÛ´ó¡¢³öéÜÉîÔ¶¡£ÕâÖÖÌØÕ÷µÄ±³¾°ÊÇÌÆ´úÔÚÎÄÃ÷ÖÐÐÄÇøÓò»¹ÓдóÁ¿ÉÁÖ×ÊÔ´µÄ´æÔÚ¡£È»¶øÌÆ´úÔÚʵÏÖÈËÀà¶Ô×ÔÈ»µÄ¼ÝÓùÒâʶµÄͬʱҲÔÚÍÌÊÉÎÄÃ÷ÖÐÐĵÄÉú̬»·¾³¡£ÆäºóµÄÎå´úÊ®¹ú£¬ÎÒ¹ú¹Å´úÎÄÃ÷ÖÐÐĵÄÉú̬½øÒ»²½¶ñ»¯£¬ÖÁËδúÓÉÓÚ»·¾³ÔÒò²»µÃ²»·ÅÆú¶à³¯¹Ê¶¼³¤°²ÓëÂåÑô£¬¶ø½«¶¼³ÇÏò¿¿½ü×ÊÔ´µØµÄ¶«ÄÏÏòǨÒÆ¡£ ¡¡¡¡±±ËÎÁô´æÏÂÀ´µÄ¡¶ÓªÔ취ʽ¡·ÎªÎÒÃÇϵͳÁ˽⵱ʱµÄ½¨ÖþÌṩÁËһȫ·½Î»ÊÓÒ°¡£¸ÃÊéÒ»°ãÈÏΪÆäÐÞ׫ĿµÄÊÇ·À·¶Ì°ÎÛÓ븯°Ü¡¢¹æ·¶×ö·¨¡£±ÊÕßÒÔΪ»¹ÓÐһĿµÄÊǽÚÔ¼×ÊÔ´¡£ÎÒÃǽ«·¨Ê½¶ÔÕÕÌÆ´ú²ÐÁôµÄÁ½¶°¹ú±¦ÄÏìøË¡¢·ð¹âË¿ÉÖª£¬ËδúÈ·¶¨µÄ½¨ÖþÓòıÈÌÆ´úҪС¡£¸ÃÊéËäÖÕÓÉÀî½ë³Éƪ£¬µ«È´ÊDZ±Ëζà´ú¹ÙÐÞͬÀà×÷Æ·µÄ×ܽᣬ¿É¼û¹æ·¶²¢½ÚÔ¼ÓòÄÔÚ±±Ëθ÷´úÒÑÊÇÓ¢ÐÛËù¼û£¬¶ø·Ç¹ÂÁ¢ÏÖÏó¡£ÆäÀúÊ·±³¾°±ãÊÇľ²ÄÕâÖÖ×ÊÔ´ÔÚµ±Ê±ÒѷǸ©Ê°½ÔÊÇ¡£ ¡¡¡¡ËΡ¢ÁÉ¡¢½ð¡¢Ôª¶à³¯²¢Á¢£¬Ãñ×åì¶ÜÉî¿Ì¡£ÆäÖеÄÕ÷Õ½ÄãÀ´ÎÒÍù£¬Ò»´ÎÓÖÒ»´ÎµØÖØ´´Á˻ƺÓÖÐÏÂÓÎÁ÷ÓòµÄ×ÔÈ»Éú̬¡£ÓëÀúÀ´Õ½Õù»ò·¢Õ¹µÄÆÆ»µÒòËصø¼Ó£¬ÒÔÖÁÓÚÄÏËÎС³¯Í¢¶¼ÀÖÓÚÆ«°²½ÄÏ£¬¶ø²»Ô¸Òâ»Øµ½ÄDz»Ã«Ö®µØ¡£¸Ãʱ´ú·¢ÉúµÄ¼¸¸öÓйؽ¨ÖþµÄÀúÊ·ÏÖÏó£¬ÈÃÈËÔÚƷζ֮ʱ£¬ÐÎͬ½ÀÀ¯¡£µÚÒ»£¬ÎªÁÉ¡¢½ð¡¢Ôª¶ÔËη¢ÉúµÄ"½¨ÖþÇÀ½Ù"ÏÖÏó¡£µÚ¶þΪԪ´úµÄ¼õÖùÔì¡£ÔÚÃñ×åÕ÷Õ½ÖУ¬½ÙÂÓʼþ³£Óз¢Éú£¬µ«ÇÀ½Ù½¨ÖþȴΪÏʼû¡£Öйúľ¹¹½¨ÖþÆä×°ÅäʽÐÔÄÜ´Ù³ÉÁËÕ⻸¹ÅÆæÎÅ£¬Éî²ãÔÒòÈ´ÊÇľ²Ä×ÊÔ´µÄØÑȱ¡£¼õÖùÔì¡¢ÒÆÖù·¨¾ùΪԪÈ˳«µ¼£¬´óÁ¿ÊÂʵ֤Ã÷£¬ÕâÖÖ·½·¨²¢²»¿É¿¿¡£ºÜ¶à½¨Öþ¾ùÒò¼õÖù»òÒÆÖùʹ½á¹¹ÌåϵҡҡÓû×¹¡£ÕâÖÖ²»¿ÆѧµÄ·½·¨Ö®ËùÒÔ±»¹ã·ºÊ¹Óã¬ÊµÊô²»µÃÒѶøΪ֮¡£Ôª´úµÄÃɹÅÈËæôº·æçÓ£¬¹¥³ÇÂÓµØÕ½ÎÞ²»Ê¤£¬ËûÃǶÔÕ½ÀûÆ·Ò²¾ö²»ÊÖÈí£¬²»Êǽ«½¨ÖþÕûÌå°áÔ˱ãÊǸ¶Ö®Ò»¾æ¡£Òò´ËÕ½ºóµÄÖؽ¨Ê¹Ä¾²ÄØÑȱҲ¾ÍÔÚÇéÀíÖ®ÖС£Ä¾²ÄµÄȱ·¦Ò²Ê¹ÔªÈ˶Խ¨Öþ"¾«¼õ»ú¹¹"£¬Õâ¾ÍÊÇ"¼õÖùÔì"µÄ³ÉÒò£»½¨ÖþµÄÒìµØÖØ×é¿ÉÄÜ»áÒò¹¹¼þµÄɢʧ¶ø²ÉÓÃÆ´´ÕÖ®·¨¡£±»ÁºË¼³ÉÏÈÉú³ÆΪ"»¬»ü¾øÂ×"µÄÔª´ú»ôÖÝÊð´óÌý¨Öþ¸ÅΪƴ´ÕÖ®"½Ü×÷"¡£¸Ã½¨Öþ½«Öйú½¨Öþ´«Í³µÄ¹¹²ÄȨºâÍêÈ«µßµ¹£¬×î»ÄÃýµÄÊÇ´óÆÕ°ØèÊÉϳÐÍеĶ·¹°Ã»ÓÐÒ»¶äÊÇ·ÅÔÚÖùÍ·Ö®ÉÏ£¬¶·¹°ÔڽṹÉϵÄÒâÒåÍêÈ«ÍüÈ´£¬Ëæ±ãλÖÃ[×¢2]¡£ ¡¡¡¡Ã÷ÇåÁ½´úµÄ½¨ÖþÖ÷²ÄÒÑÊÇ×½½ó¼ûÖ⣬ÔÚÄÏ¡¢±±Á½¾©µÄÓªÔì¼°ÏóÎ䵱ɽµÈµÄ´óÐͽ¨Éè»î¶¯ÖУ¬Ã÷È˲»µÃ²»´ÓÒ£Ô¶µÄÔƹóɽÇø²É·¥Ä¾²Ä¡£Ã÷ÇåʱÆÚ½¨Öþ¶·¹°±ÈÀýËõС£¬³öéÜÉî¶È¼õÉÙ£¬Öù±ÈÀýϸ³¤µÈ£¬¾ù·´Ó³³öÔʼÉÁֵĻÙÃ𣬽¨ÖþµÄľ²Ä´ó¶àΪ´ÎÉúÁÖÕâôһÖÖÊÂʵ¡£Ä¾²ÄµÄȱ·¦Ê¹Ã÷ÈË¿ªÊ¼¿¼ÂÇÌæ´úÖ®·¨£¬ÕâÑùÎÄÃ÷·¢Õ¹³õÆھͷ¢Ã÷µÄשÓÉ"µØÏÂ"תÈëµØÉÏ£¬ÓɶÔʥɮ±ê°ñÇü×ðÖÁ·²·òË××Ó,ÈËÃÇ´òÆƶÔËÀÕßËùÓÃÎïÆ·µÄ½û¼É¿ªÊ¼½«×©´óÁ¿ÓÃÓÚ½¨ÖþµÄΧ»¤¼°³ÐÖØÌåϵÖС£´ËʱÓÃש½¨µÄ·¿ÎÝÃÍÈ»Ôö¶à£¬³Çǽ»ù±¾ÒÔש°üÆö£¬´óʽ½¨ÖþÒ²³öÏÖÁËש½¨µÄ"ÎÞÁºµî"¡£ÄÏ·½½«×©ÓÃÓÚ½¨ÖþµÄɽÃ棬²¢¾ÍÊƽ«ÆäÉý¸ßÐγɷç»ðɽǽ£»±±·½ÔòÓÃש×÷Χ»¤£¬É½Ç½ÓÃשÐγÉӲɽʽ·ç¸ñ¡£ ¡¡¡¡ÔçÔÚºº´úÖйúÈ˱ãÄÜÔÚשÉÏÁé»î×ÔÈçµØµñ×Á£¬ÆäÒÕÊõ³É¾ÍÔÚ¶«ººÊ±ÆÚµÄËÄ´¨¹ãººÈýÐǶѻÏñשÖеÃÒÔ³ä·ÖÌåÏÖ¡£ÕâÖÖ¼¼ÒÕÔÚÍ»Æƽû¼Éºó¹ã·ºµØÓÃÓÚ´ó¡¢Ð¡Ê½µÄ¸÷ÀཨÖþÖС£Ò»°ã¶øÑÔÃ÷´ú½¨Öþ¸üÇ÷×ðÖØľ½á¹¹¹æÔò£¬½¨ÖþÖÐשµÄʹÓò¢Î´ÔÚľ½á¹¹ÌåϵÖÐÓëľÁº¡¢Ä¾ÖùÒ»Æð×÷Ϊ½á¹¹²¿¼þ²ÎÓë×÷Óá£ÖÁÇå´ú£¬×©ÔÚ½¨ÖþÖеÄ×÷ÓÃÔ½À´Ô½ÖØÒª£¬½¨Öþ±ä³ÉÁËשÓ뾵ĻìºÏ½á¹¹ÐÎʽ¡£×©×÷Ϊľ²ÄµÄ´úÓÃÆ·ÒÑΪÉç»áËù½ÓÊÜ£¬·´ÑÔÖ®Ôò˵Ã÷ÉÁÖ×ÊÔ´µÄØÑȱʹÈËÀ಻µÃ²»ÁíÅüϪ¾¶£¬ÔÚÐÂÐÎʽÏÂÑ°ÕÒ³ö·¡£ ¡¡¡¡ÖйúÔڸij¯»»´úµÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐÓÐÒ»ÖÖ¹ý¼¤µÄÊֶαãÊÇ"ÆƾÉÁ¢ÐÂ"¡£´Ó³þ°ÔÍõ¶ÔÇع¬µîµÄ"¸¶Ö®Ò»¾æ"£»Ëδ¾»¯Äê¼ä¶ÔͳÍò³ÇµÄ"Õ¶¾¡É±¾ø"£»ÖÁ½ü´ú¾ü·§»ìÕ½"»ðÉÕºº¿Ú"µÄÀúÊ·ÊÂʵ¡£Ã¿Ò»´ÎÆÆ»µ¾ù¸øÉÁÖÉú̬Ôì³É¾Þ´óѹÁ¦¡£¶øºÍƽʱÆÚÒ²ÊÇÔÖ±äƵÈÔ¡£¾ÝÄÏËÎÁÙ°²Ö¾¼ÇÔØ£¬¸Ã³Ç¾ÍÔøÓйý¶à´Î»ð»ÙµÄÀúÊ·¡£ÏóÕâÑùµÄÔÖ±äÒ²¼ÓÖØÁË×ÔÈ»Éú̬¸ºµ£¡£Ä¾²ÄµÄ¶ÌȱҲʹ¹Å½¨ÖþµÄÄ£Êý¸ÅÄî±äµÃ½ï½ï¼Æ½Ï£¬´Ó´ó³ß´çµÄ"²Ä"±ä³ÉÁËС³ß´çµÄ"¶·¿Ú"¡£ ¡¡¡¡ÉÁÖ×ÊÔ´µÄÆÆ»µ¶ÔÖйú¹Å´ú½¨Öþ·ç¸ñÒ²²úÉúÁËÒ»¶¨Ó°Ïì¡£ÎÒÃÇ´Ó¶·¹°ÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄÑݱ䣬¿É¶Á³ö»·¾³¶ñ»¯µÄº¬Òå¡£ÌÆ´úµÄÖйú½¨ÖþÒÔ¶·¹°ÐÛ´óÖø³Æ£¬¶ûºóÊÇÒ»´ú²»ÈçÒ»´ú¡£ÄÏËÎÁ¬ÄêµÄÃñ×åÕ÷Õ½£¬ÖØ´´ÁËÖйúÎÄÃ÷¸¹µØµÄ×ÔÈ»Éú̬£¬ÖÁÔª´úÁ¬½¨ÖþÖеÄÁºÖù¾ù×½½ó¼ûÖâ¡£×ÔÃ÷ÒÔºóÖйúÎÄÃ÷ÖÐÐĵÄÖØÒª½¨ÖþÖ÷²Ä²»µÃ²»ÒÀÀµÄÏ·½Æ«Ô¶µØÇøÀ´¹©¸ø£¬¶ø´ó²¿·Ö½¨ÖþÆäÐÎÏóÒ²Ô½À´Ô½"ÃçÌõ"¡£ ¡¡¡¡¶þ£® ¾ÛÂä¡¢³ÇÊÐÓëʪµØ ¡¡¡¡ÊªµØ£¬¹ÅÈ˳Æ֮Ϊ"Þ´"»ò"Ôó"»ò"º£"£¬¡¶ÂÀÊÏ´ºÇï¡·ÓÐʼƪ¼ÇÔعŴúÖйúÓÐ "ʮ޴"£¬ÆäÖдó²¿ÔڻƺÓÖÐÏÂÓΡ£±»ÓþΪ"×ÔȻ֮Éö"µÄʪµØÊǵØÇòÉϾßÓжàÖÖ¹¦ÄܵĶÀÌØÉú̬ϵͳ£¬Ëü°üÀ¨ºþ²´¡¢ÕÓÔóÒÔ¼°Ñغ£Ì²Í¿µÈ¶àÖÖÐÎʽ¡£ËùÓÐʪµØ¶¼ÓÐÒ»¸ö¹²Í¬Ìص㣬ËüÃǾùż¶û±»Ë®¸²¸Ç»ò³äÂúÁËË®¡£ÊªµØÓÐןܸߵÄÉú̬Ó뾼üÛÖµ£¬Ëü²»½öΪÈËÀàÌṩ´óÁ¿Ê³Îï¡¢ÔÁϺÍË®×ÊÔ´£¬¶øÇÒÔÚά³ÖÉú̬ƽºâ¡¢±£³ÖÉúÎï¶àÑùÐÔºÍÕäÏ¡ÎïÖÖ×ÊÔ´¼°ºÑøˮԴ¡¢Ðîºé·Àºµ¡¢½µ½âÎÛȾµÈ·½ÃæÓÐÖØÒª×÷Óá£ÊªµØ·áÈĵÄÎï²ú£¬ÊÊÒ˵ÄСÆøºòÊÇÈËÀà»î¶¯µÄÌìÌᣠ¡¡¡¡ÓÐÊ·ÒÔÀ´µÄÎÄ»¯ÆÜÏ¢µØ´ó¶àλÓÚ±õ½üºÓÁ÷»òʪµØµĄ̈µØ¡¢°¶ÅÔ¡£´óÓíÖÎË®ËäÊÇÖ±½Ó×÷ÓÃÓÚºÓÁ÷£¬µ«Ä¿µÄÊÇʹ±õºÓʪµØµÄÈËÃñÃâÓÚË®»¼¡£ººÒÔºóÓÉÓڻƺÓÖÐÏÂÓεØÓòµÄÈË¿ÚÅòÕÍ´ÙʹÈËÃǽ«½Å²½ÂõÏòʪµØ£¬Õâ¶Ô»ÆºÓºÓµÀÓÐÁ˸üÎȹ̵ÄÒªÇó£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²×¢¶¨ÁËʪµØÉϵÄÎÄÃ÷Óë»ÆºÓµÄ¿¹Õù£¬ÕâÖÖ¿¹Õù¼¤»¯ÁËÈËÓë×ÔÈ»µÄì¶Ü£¬ÑÝÒïÁËÒ»³ö³ö¼¤µ´¡¢±¼·ÅµÄÀúÊ·¾ç¡£ÖÁËδú£¬±»Öð³öʪµØµÄ»ÆºÓÒÑÊÇÈÌÎÞ¿ÉÈÌ£¬ÅÆø³åÌì¡£±±ËÎÇìÀúÄê¼äµÄ»ÆºÓµÚÈý´Î´ó¸ÄµÀ£¬±êʾׯƺÓÉú̬µÄÈ«Ïß±ÀÀ££¬´ËºóµÄ»ÆºÓÒÔ¸ü¸ßµÄƵÂÊÏòʪµØÉϵÄÈËÃÇÐûÕ½¡£ËØÓÐË®³ÇÖ®³Æ¶øÏÖÒÑÉîÂñÈëµØÏÂ5Ã׶àµÄ±±Ëζ«¾©³Ç£¬ÕýÊÇÕâÖÖ¿¹ÕùµÄÎþÉüÆ·¡£¿ª·â¡¢´óÁº¡¢ãêÁº¡¢ãêÖÝ¡¢¶«¾©¡¢¶«¶¼¡¢¿ª·â¸®¡¡£¬ÕâЩÔø¾ÔÚÀúÊ·ÉϻԻÍһʱµÄÃû³Ç£¬ÔÚ¾à»ÆºÓ½ö7¹«ÀïµÄ½ñÈÕ¿ª·âÊеØÏ£¬±»»ÆºÓµÄÄàɳһ²ãÒ»²ãµØÎÞÇéµØÑÚÂñ¡£»ÆºÓµÄÿһ´Î¸ÄµÀÓÖʹ¶àÉÙ±õºÓʪµØµÄ³ÇÊÐÔâÊÜÃð¶¥Ö®ÔÖ£¿ ¡¡¡¡»ÆºÓÁ÷ÓòµÄÉú̬±ÀÀ£´ÙʹÖйú¾¼ÃÎÄ»¯ÖÐÐĵÄÄÏÒÆ¡£Ò»³¡ÐµĽÏÁ¿ÔÚ³¤½Á÷ÓòÖØÐÂÕ¹¿ª¡£ÄÏËÎʱÆÚ£¬³¤½ÖÐÏÂÓμ°½ÕãÒ»´ø¿ªÊ¼ÖþµÌȦΧʪµØ£¬ÕâЩ±»È¦Î§³öÀ´µÄʪµØÔÚ³¤½ÖÐÓγÆΪ"Ûù"£¬¶øÔÚ³¤½ÏÂÓγÆΪ"Û×Ìï"»ò"Χ"»ò"ºþÌï"¡£ËÕéøÔÚÈÎÁÙ°²¶½ÊØʱÔøÓдóÁ¦ÓªÔìÛ×Ì²¢Ïò»ÊµÛ×à±íÛ×ÌïÖ®Àû¡£ÉòÀ¨ÔòDZÐÄÑо¿Ð´ÁË¡¶Û×ÌïÎå˵¡·¡¢¡¶Íò´ºÛ×ͼÊé¡·µÈ¹ØÓÚÛ×Ìï·½ÃæµÄÖø×÷¡£ÀûÓû´ÙʹÈËÀàÒÔ"Í»·ÉÃͽø"µÄËٶȲÏʳʪµØ£¬ÖÁ½ñÔڹŴúʪµØÉÏ¿ª·¢³öµÄ¾¼ÃÒÑÊǾÙ×ãÇáÖØ£¬Î²´ó²»µô¡£¾ÝÖйú¿ÆѧԺ³¤É³Å©ÒµÏÖ´ú»¯Ñо¿ËùÍõ¿ËÁÖͬ־µÄÑо¿£¬¶´Í¥ºþ2000Óàƽ·½¹«ÀïµÄΧÛùºþÇø¹¤Å©Òµ×ܲúÖµÒÑÕ¼ºþÄÏÊ¡1£¯3£¬Õý³£Äê¾°£¬Á¸¡¢ÃÞ¡¢ÓÍ¡¢Â顢ˮ²ú·Ö±ðÕ¼ºþÄÏÊ¡µÄ28£¥¡¢83£¥¡¢42£¥¡¢85£¥ºÍ51£¥£¬ÓëÅ©ÒµÓйصļӹ¤Òµ£·ÄÖ¯¡¢Ê³Æ·¡¢ÔìÖ½·Ö±ðÕ¼45£¥¡¢52£¥¡¢55£¥¡£Íõ¿ËÁÖͬ־ÓÉÖԵط¢³ö"Èç´ËÖØÒªµÄÅ©²úÆ·Éú²ú»ùµØ£¬ÔõÄܼòµ¥µØ»Ö¸´µ½ÌìÈ»ºþ²´×´Ì¬£¿"¡£Ûù»òÛ×ÌïÆä³õÆÚÄ¿µÄÊÇÅ©Òµ¾¼Ã£¬µ«Ëæ×ÅÈËÀàµÄ½øפ£¬Ûù×ÓÄÚÖð²½ÓÐÁ˾ÛÂäµÄÐγɣ¬ÓÐЩ¾ÛÂäÔò·¢Õ¹³ÉΪ³ÇÕò¡£³ÇÕò¾¼Ã¼ÓÖØÁËÛù×ӵķÖÁ¿£¬ÒÔÖÁ³öÏÖÁËÏ󺺿ÚÕâÑùµÄÓнü¶þ°ÙÍòÈË¿ÚµÄ˶´óʪµØÐͳÇÊС£ ¡¡¡¡ÓÐ500ÓàÄêÀúÊ·µÄºº¿Ú×ÔººË®¸ÄµÀºóÓ뺺Ñô·ÖÀ룬Êô±õ³¤½Ó뺺½µÄʪµØ£¬ÓÉÓÚµØÀíÇøλµÄÖØÒª£¬Öð²½ÓÐÈ˽øפʪµØ¡¢¿ª·¢ÊªµØ¡£ÓÖÓÉÓÚʪµØÄÚ½»Í¨²»±ã£¬¹ÜÀí²»Ò×£¬Ê¹¹Ù¸®ÑÃÃÅ·ÅÈÎ×ÔÁ÷£¬ÕâÒ²×ÌÉúÁËʪµØ¾¼Ã¡£ÈË¿ÚµÄÅòÕÍʹʪµØÉϵÄÔʼ¾ÛÂä·¢Õ¹³ÉΪÖйúµÄËÄ´óÃûÕò¡£ºº¿Ú³ÇǽʼÖþÓÚÇå´ú£¬ÕâÊÇÒ»½«·ÀºéµÌÛùÓë³ÇÊзÀÓùÏà½áºÏµÄ¹¤³Ì¡£ºº¿Ú¾¼Ã·ÖÁ¿µÄ¼ÓÖØҲʹÛù×Ó¸üΪÀ©´ó¡£ÍíÇåʱÆÚÕÅÖ®¶´µÄÒ»´óÕþ¼¨--ÕŹ«µÌÓëÑؽµÌ·ÀËù¹¹ÖþµÄ´óÛùʹºº¿ÚÓëʪµØ³¹µ×¸îÁÑ¡£³ÇÊзÀºéÓëÅÅÀÔ³ÉΪºº¿Ú³ÇÊз¢Õ¹µÄÖØÒªÖÆÔ¼¡£Ã¿µ±Ñ´ÆÚÀ´ÁÙ£¬ºº¿ÚÈ«Ãñ¶¯Ô±£¬²Ýľ½Ô±øÒѳÉΪһµÀÈËÎľ°¹Û¡£ÎÒÃÇÔÚÔÞ̾È˶¨Ê¤ÌìÆø¸ÅµÄͬʱÄÚÐÄÒ²ÍùÍùÒ²»áÑúÆðÒ»¹É¿àɬ¡£ ¡¡¡¡ÔÚ½ººÆ½Ô¹ãÀ«µÄ¾£½·ÖºéÇø£¬³¤½¡¢ºº½µÄµÌ·À¸Ä±äÁËÆäʪµØÐÔÖÊ¡£¸ÃµØÓòµÄ¾ÛÂä¾ù¹¹ÖþÔÚÒ»×ù×ùµÄÈ˹¤ÍĄ֮́ÉÏ£¬ÐγɽººÆ½Ô¶ÀÌصľ°¹Û·çò¡£Ñؽ¡¢ÑغӵØÓòÔòÓõÌÛùÇÖÍÌ×Å̲ͿʪµØ¡£´ó´óССµÄµÌÛùÁ¬³ÉһƬ£¬Ê¹Ûù×ÓÔ½À´Ô½´ó£¬ÈË¿ÚÔ½À´Ô½¶à¡£Æä½á¹ûÊdz¤½Ë®Î»ÖðÄêÅÊÉý£¬´Ó1949ÄêÖÁ½ñÆÕ±éÌá¸ßÁË1.5ÖÁ3Ã×£¬µÌ·ÀҲˮÕÇ´¬¸ß£¬ÆÕ±éÌáÁË2.9ÖÁ4Ãס£³¤½Óë»ÆºÓÒ»Ñù±ä³ÉÁËÒ»Ìõ¿ÕÖÐÐüºÓ¡£ ¡¡¡¡ÈËÀà¶ÔʪµØµÄ²Ïʳ£¬Ê¹ÊªµØ×÷ΪһÖÖÖØÒª×ÊÔ´£¬ÔÚ³ÇÊо¼Ã¶àÑù»¯ÖÐÓоÙ×ãÇáÖصØλ¡£ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬ʪµØÊÇÌìÈ»µÄÐîË®¿â£¬Ïļ¾ÍÌÐîºéË®£¬¶¬¼¾ÍÂË®»¹½£¬²¢±£³Ö²»Í¬¼¾½ÚË®×ÊÔ´µÄƽºâ¡£ÊªµØµÄÏûʧʹ´ó½¡¢´óºÓµÄÐкéµ÷ÐîÄÜÁ¦´óΪ¼õÈõ£¬ÊªµØµÄÏûʧͬʱÆÆ»µÁËÉæˮҰÉú¶¯ÎïµÄÉú̬»·¾³£¬Ê¹ÆäÉú´æºÍÆÜÏ¢µØÈñ¼õ£¬¸ü¶àµÄ¶¯ÎïÂٳɹú¼ÒÒ»¼¶±£»¤¡£ÊªµØµÄÏûʧҲʹˮÌåɥʧÁ˾»»¯µÄ¿Õ¼ä£¬Á÷ÓòÄÚË®ÌåÖÊÁ¿½µµÍ£¬¼ÓÖØÁËË®ÌåµÄÎÛȾ¡£Ô½À´Ô½¶àµÄÈËÔÚµ¢ÐÄÈý°Ù¶àÄêÇ°»Æ»´Ö®¼äµÄ¹ÅãôÖݳDZ»Ë®¸²Ã»µÄÀúÊ·±¯¾ç»áÖØÑÝ¡£ÕâЩ¾ùÊÇÈËÀàµÄ½¨Éè»î¶¯¶ÔʪµØÇÖÊ´´øÀ´µÄ¶ñ¹û¡£ ¡¡¡¡²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ× ¡¡¡¡[1]¡¶»ÆºÓÁ÷ÓòÖîºÓÁ÷µÄÑݱäÓëÖÎÀí¡· Ê·Ä ÉÂÎ÷ÈËÃñ³ö°æÉç 1999 ¡¡¡¡[2]¡¶ÁºË¼³ÉÎļ¯¡· ÁºË¼³É Öйú½¨Öþ¹¤Òµ³ö°æÉç 1986 ¡¡¡¡[3]¡¶2000ÄêÈ«ÇòÉú̬»·¾³Õ¹Íû¡·ÁªºÏ¹ú»·¾³¹æ»®Êð ÁªºÏ¹ú"ǧÄê·å»á"Îļþ 2000£¬9 ¡¡¡¡[4]¡¶ÓªÔ취ʽעÊÍ¡·Àî½ä±àÐÞ ÁºË¼³É×¢ÊÍ Öйú½¨Öþ¹¤Òµ³ö°æÉç 1983 ¡¡¡¡[5]¡¶´óµØµÄ±£»¤Éñ¡·ÖйúÁÖѧ»áÖ÷±à ÖйúÁÖÒµ³ö°æÉç 1997 ¡¡¡¡[6]¡¶½ü´úÎ人³ÇÊÐÊ·¡·Æ¤Ã÷âÓ ÖйúÉç»á¿Æѧ³ö°æÉç 1993
±à¼£ºree |
ÔĶÁ£º ´Î
ÍøÓÑÆÀÂÛ£¨µ÷ÓÃ5Ìõ£© ¸ü¶àÆÀÂÛ(0)
×îÐÂÍƼö
ÆóÒµ·þÎñ
|
|